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This section combines buildings with electricity (or "energy") production.
After transportation, buildings - at 22% - represent our next-largest source of "activity-based" emissions.
Getting to net-zero or carbon-neutral buildings requires a three-step process:
- Energy efficiency measures (insulation, LED light bulbs, etc)
- Fuel-switching from fossil fuels to electricity
- Supplying 100% clean and renewable electricity (on-site or grid-supplied)
Across building types, the majority of building energy use goes for water heating, space heating and air conditioning. These uses, therefore, result in the majority of heat-trapping emissions from buildings. This understanding suggests a good place to start.
As costs for solar photovoltaic and wind energy systems declines steadily, 100% clean and renewable electricity is becoming normal.